Nnyocha ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ Graphene na akụkọ amụma amụma Trend ga-eme n'ọdịnihu

Graphene bụ carbon nanomaterial abụọ- nwere otu oyi akwa nke carbon carbon jikọtara site na sp² ngwakọ orbitals. Nhazi atomic ya na-etolite ihe owuwu lattice ebuanu nwere hexagonal, yana ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe dịka 0.335 nanometers. Dị ka nke a maara ugbu a thinnest, na-enwe kasị n'ibu ike, na-egosipụta pụtara ìhè eletriki na thermal conductivity, graphene a na-ewere dị ka "eze nke ọhụrụ ihe". Oghere ngwa ya na-agbasa ngwa ngwa site na ngwa eletrọnịkị ndị ahịa na ume ọhụrụ ruo n'ịbelata ụlọ ọrụ dị ka biomedicine na ikuku ikuku, na-egosipụta atụmanya nrụpụta sara mbara. Otu puku ijeri ${7}}oke osimiri na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-eme ka nhazi ya dị ngwa ngwa.
A na-egosipụta njirimara ya isi n'akụkụ atọ: Nke mbụ, ọ nwere ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe dị ịrịba ama, nke nwere ike ike nke 130 GPa, nke bụ 100 ugboro nke ígwè, ọ nwekwara ezigbo mgbanwe; Nke abuo, o nwere ezigbo ọkụ eletrik na thermal conductivity, na eletrọn ije na ụlọ okpomọkụ dị nnọọ ukwuu nke silicon ihe, na thermal conductivity bụ ihe karịrị okpukpu abụọ nke diamond; Nke atọ, ọ nwere nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ siri ike, na-ejigide nkwụsi ike nhazi ọbụna n'okpuru okpomọkụ dị elu na ọnọdụ dị oke egwu, yana ọ nwekwara ezigbo mgbasa ozi na biocompatibility, na-atọ ntọala maka ngwa ọhụrụ na ọtụtụ ubi.

Ụlọ ọrụ graphene esiwo n'ọkwa nyocha ụlọ nyocha gaa n'oge dị oke egwu ebe nrụpụta teknụzụ na mmepụta mmepụta ihe na-aga n'ihu n'otu oge. A na-atụ anya na nha ahịa graphene zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-agafe ijeri US dollar 15 site na 2026. Site na nkwado amụma, uru ikike mmepụta ihe, yana ọchịchọ siri ike nke ala ala, China aghọwo onye na-emepụta graphene kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, na-aza ihe karịrị 40% nke òkè ahịa. Ka teknụzụ nkwadebe na ngwa ngwa nke ihe graphene na-aga n'ihu na-eto, yana mmụba ngwa ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị n'okpuru ala dị ka ngwa eletrọnịkị, ike ọhụrụ na mkpuchi, oke ahịa graphene na China na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye.

Nhazi nke yinye ụlọ ọrụ graphene nke China ka edobere nke ọma{0}. Ihe nchekwa graphite dị n'elu dị ukwuu, na-enye nkwado akụrụngwa kwụsiri ike maka mmepe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ike mmepụta nke ihe ndị bụ isi dị ka graphene oxidized na mbelata graphene oxidized na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye. Midstream na-elekwasị anya n'ichepụta ihe na ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara ya abawanyela nke ọma. Akpụpụtala sistemu isi ngwaahịa dị iche iche nke ihe nkiri na-ekpochapụ okpomoku graphene, mkpuchi{{5} corrosion, ihe ndị na-eduzi batrị na ihe adịghị mma, yana ihe mejupụtara igwe graphene. Ọgwụgwụ ngwa a dabere na- okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu yana nkwenye ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eduga dịka State Grid, BYD, CRRC, Huawei na Midea. Ihe ngosi ngwa nke graphene na nnyefe ike, ụgbọ ala ume ọhụrụ, teknụzụ ozi, ahụike ahụike na ụlọ mara mma agbasawanyela, usoro mmebe mmepụta ihe na-aga n'ihu.

Ngwa ndị dị n'okpuru ala nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke graphene na-ekpuchi akụkụ isii bụ isi: ike ọhụrụ, ngwa eletrọnịkị ozi, biomedicine, nchekwa ike na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, ihe ọhụrụ kemịkalụ, na ikuku ikuku. Nke a na-etolite ụkpụrụ ịnya ụgbọ ala abụọ{1} nke "elu{2}} nrụpụta njedebe yana oriri ndị mmadụ". N'ime ha, ngalaba ike ọhụrụ ugbu a bụ ahịa ngwa kachasị ukwuu, na-aza ihe dịka 50%. Ọganihu na ike ahịa nke ngwa na mpaghara dị iche iche dịgasị iche iche.

Mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ teknụzụ
Nkà na ụzụ mmepụta nke graphene na-eme ka ọganihu dị elu na ntụziaka nke ọnụ ala dị ala, ịdị elu dị elu na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-edozi isi ihe mgbochi nke na-egbochi mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ogologo oge. A na-emeziwanye adịghị ike gburugburu ebe obibi nke usoro redox omenala. Usoro akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ọhụrụ dị ka siri ike-isi lithiumization peeling na gas na-aga n'ihu-nchịkọta usoro arụpụtala ihe ọma. Enwere ike ịkwadebe nanosheets graphene dị elu na kristallinity dị elu na-enweghị oxidants siri ike. Ọ bụghị naanị na nke a kwekọrọ na atụmatụ "carbon abụọ" kamakwa ọ na-ebelata mmepụta ike oriri na ụgwọ njikwa mmetọ. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-emewanyewanye ikike mmepụta ihe na-aga n'ihu. A na-emejuputa ngwaahịa dị ka graphene agbagọ na gas{10}fase synthesized graphene powders na mmepụta ihe. Ikike nke ngwaọrụ ọ bụla agbasawanyela nke ọma. Usoro CVD ejirila nke nta nke nta nweta mpịakọta{13} iji - na-atụgharị mmepụta ihe na-aga n'ihu, na-akwalite mbelata dị ukwuu na ọnụ ahịa ihe nkiri graphene dị elu ma na-atọkwa ntọala siri ike maka nnukwu ngwa ngwa{16}}.
Ihe ngosi ngwa a na-aga n'ihu na-agbasawanye, na-esi na mgbanwe inyeaka gaa na isi ihe na-arụ ọrụ.
Ngwa nke graphene na-agbanwe site na "mgbanwe mgbakwunye" gaa na "ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma", na ọnọdụ mgbawa na-egosi usoro dị iche iche na mgbawa. Oghere ike ọhụrụ na-anọgide na-abụ isi osisi uto. Ọnụego ntinye nke graphene n'ime ihe na-eduzi batrị lithium, silicon{2} electrodes adịghị mma dabere na nnukwu ike na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye. Electrode mejupụtara graphene gbagọrọ agbagọ nwere ike okpukpu abụọ nke ikike na ogologo ndụ nke supercapacitors. The graphene{5}}silicon gbanwetụrụ-carbon negative electrode na-eme ka njupụta ike batrị dịkwuo mma. Ogige teknụzụ ozi enwetala ọganiihu dị elu{8}. A na-etinye Graphene na ngosipụta na-agbanwe agbanwe, ngwaọrụ terahertz, AI mgbawa okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, na ngwaahịa ndị dị ka nnukwu ọla kọpa ihe mejupụtara na ihe nkiri na-eduzi transperent na-akwalite nkwalite nke arụmọrụ ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị. Na mgbakwunye, ngwa n'ime ihe mejupụtara, nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi, biomedicine na mpaghara ndị ọzọ na-aga n'ihu na-emiwanye emi, na-agbasa site na ọkụ ọkụ ụgbọ ala, mgbochi mmiri{11} corrosion ruo ọgwụgwọ mmiri, ndị na-ebu ọgwụ na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ na-apụta, na oke ngwa na-agbasawanye mgbe niile.
Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi ụlọ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu, na nhazi na imekọ ihe ọnụ aghọwo isi ihe na mmepe.
Ụlọ ọrụ graphene na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-apụ site n'usoro mmepe ya "ahaghị ahazi, ọgba aghara na adịghị mma" ma na-aga n'ihu na ntụzịaka ahaziri ahazi na imekọ ihe ọnụ. Owuwu nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu, na-elekwasị anya na ikpuchi mpaghara ngwa ngwa dị ka ihe batrị, ọkụ{1} na-eme ihe nkiri, na mkpuchi corrosion -, na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-edozi nsogbu nke àgwà ngwaahịa na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ na ụkpụrụ nnwale na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ. Mmetụta mmekọrịta nke yinye ụlọ ọrụ a ma ama, yana ụlọ ọrụ akụrụngwa na akụrụngwa dị elu, ụlọ ọrụ nkwadebe ihe dị n'etiti, yana ụlọ ọrụ ngwa ala na-etolite njikọ. Usoro ihe ọhụrụ{5}ọkwa nke mba na-akwalite nyocha na mmepe teknụzụ na-ahụkarị, yana iwebata ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ pụrụ iche na nke ọhụrụ. N'otu oge ahụ, mpaghara asọmpi zuru ụwa ọnụ na-egosi mmepe dị iche iche. China jisiri ike na nkwadebe ntụ ntụ na etiti{{8} ka-- kwụsịchaa mpaghara ngwa, ebe Europe, United States, Japan, na South Korea na-elekwasị anya na ihe nkiri ngwụcha{11} na nhazi ikike ikike. N'ọdịniihu, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-ewepụta usoro mmepe nke "mmekọrịta teknụzụ, patent cross{13}ikike, na akụkụ dị n'ọnọdụ", yana ụlọ ọrụ nwere teknụzụ bụ isi na ikike imejuputa ọnọdụ ga-apụta ìhè.

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